Birds

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Video 1, Hummingbirds: []

Video 2, Parrots: []  Characteristics ◦ body structure  Feathers, wings, beak  Thin, hollow bones  Large sternum ◦ body function  Very efficient lungs & air sacs  Unidirectional air flow  Four-chambered heart  Endotherms (warm-blooded)  Keen eyesight - 8-10x better than humans  Characteristics ◦ Reproduction  internal fertilization  external development in amniotic egg ◦ Hatchlings  //Altricial// – young hatch without feathers and are dependent on adults. ex) Red-tailed hawk    //Precocial// – young hatch fully feathered and follow mother; 10-15 eggs; ex) turkey  Large Variety of diets ◦ Seeds, nectar, insects, small animals, carrion ◦ Beaks indicate diet  Feather Types ◦ Flight – for flying ◦ Contour – covers bird body ◦ Down – used for insulation  Males are usually more brightly colored  Feathers ◦ Extremely light (may have evolved from scales)  No teeth  Hollow bones  Sternum allows for attachment of powerful flight muscles  Flight requires energy and efficiency ◦ Heartbeat pumps blood carrying oxygen to the muscles at 1000 beats/minute ◦ Air flow system is unidirectional, making it more efficient  Kingdom: Animalia ◦ Phylum: Chordata  Subphylum: Vertebrata  Class: Aves

Bee Hummingbird Emperor Penguin Ostrich Owl Bald Eagle